Bone Cancer Symptoms / Sign , Prognosis & Treatments
Cancer can occur in bone or spread to the bone with another body when the same cancer appears in the OS, it is called primary bone cancer. When cancer cells travel in the bone tissue of other tumours, it is called secondary or metastatic bone cancer. Types of bone cancer include:
Osteosarcoma — malignant tumor of bone, as a general rule, hands, legs or pelvis; the most common type of primary cancer;
Chondrosarcoma — cancer of the cartilage; the second most common type of primary cancer;
Yuinga Sarcoma — tumor that usually develop in the bones of the arms and legs;
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Fibrosarcoma — cancer, which develops in soft tissue (tendon, ligament, muscle, FAT) and goes to the bones of the leg, hands and jaw;
Giant cell tumor of bone tumor — primary, Which is the malignant (cancer) only about 10% of the time, more prevalent in the bones of the hands or feet;
Differentiate — primary tumor of bone, which normally occurs in the skull or spine.
The sooner treatment begins bone cancer, the more favorable outcome. If you suspect that you have the disease, call your doctor.
Causes of bone cancer
The main causes of bone cancer are unknown. It is considered, In most cases an important role rider. Disease, which cause enhanced dissolution of bone tissue and its regeneration over a long period of time increases the risk of tumors. This explains, why osteosarcoma in children are more frequently in the period of their growth.
Risk factors for bone cancer
Factors that increase the risk of bone cancer
Paget's disease (benign bone diseases);
Irradiation;
Damage to the bone (While not confirmed by risk factor);
A family history of bone cancer.
Besides, there are risk factors, specific to certain types of bone cancer
Osteosarcoma:
Age: 10-30 years;
Paul: male;
Hereditary cancer syndromes, including if syndromes-Fraument (LFS) and Rotmunda-Thomson;
Retinoblastoma (a rare form of eye cancer);
Bone marrow transplantation;
Chondrosarcoma:
Age: over 20 years;
Multiple Exostoses (hereditary disease, which leads to the appearance of lumps in the bones);
Sarcoma Yuinga:
Age: younger 30 years;
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Fibrosarcoma:
Age: Middle and old age;
Tumor giant cells:
Age: young and middle-aged.
Symptoms of bone cancer
Bone cancer symptoms may vary, depending on the location and size of the tumor.
The symptoms may include:
Pain at the site of the tumor;
Edema or swelling in the area of the location of the tumor;
Pain in the bones, rather serious, to wake you up;
Fractures of bones (rare);
Unexplained weight loss;
Fatigue;
Shortness of breath;
Night sweats, fever or night.
These symptoms can be caused by other, less serious diseases. If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a doctor.
Diagnosis of bone cancer
The doctor will ask about your medical history and symptoms, as well as performing the physical examination.
The tests may include the following:
Blood test, check the level of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase; the largest quantity of this enzyme is secreted in patients with tumors of bone during growth in healthy children;X-rays — test, who uses x-ray radiation, to take a picture of structures within the body, particularly the bones;
Densitometry — test, which helps to determine the location of bone tumors. The radioactive substance is injected into the bloodstream, which is absorbed by the bone tissue, and then tracking using a special scanner;
CT — types of x-rays, using a computer, to make pictures of structures inside the body;
MRI — survey, which uses magnetic waves to make pictures of structures inside the body;
Bone marrow biopsy — remove the sample, bone tissue to test the presence of cancer cells. Excisional biopsy of tumors of the bone may mean deleting large portions of the affected bone or limb, and sometimes a partial or total amputation of a limb, depending on the location and type of tumors.
As soon as the cancer, analysis, to determine the scope of networks. The treatment depends on the type of stage, location of cancer and general health.
Bone cancer treatment include
Radiation treatment for cancer of the bones
Bone cancer radiotherapy uses radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiotherapy can be of the following types:
External radiotherapy — radiation to tumor radiation sources outside the body;
Internal radiotherapy — radioactive materials are placed in the body near cancer cells.
Chemotherapy for bone cancer
Chemotherapy — the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy drugs can be provided in various forms: tablets, injection, Introduction through a catheter. The drugs enter the bloodstream and are carried out by the entire body, killing the cancer, as well as some healthy cells. The most common chemotherapy drugs, used to treat bone cancer are :- Methotrexate with calcium;
- Leucovorin;
- Doxorubicin;
- Cisplatin;
- Ifosfamide
- Etoposide.
Surgery for the treatment of bone cancer
The operation involves the removal of a cancer, the surrounding tissues, and possibly nearby lymph nodes. When the operation might require the amputation of limbs, patients with cancer. Possible, the doctor will try to remove part of the bone without amputation cancerous. In this case, the Remote OS cancerous replace metal plates or bone graft.
Sometimes, additional radiotherapy or chemotherapy can help avoid amputation. If the tumor is large or aggressive, or the risk of spread is high, after surgery can be assigned to the chemotherapy and radiation therapy, to prevent the recurrence of bone cancer in the surgical site, and prevent the spread of the cancer to other organs.
Mieloablatius therapy with stem cells
Intensive chemotherapy also destroys the bone bone cancer. To restore the bone marrow cells used injections of stem cells, which have the ability to develop into other kinds of cells.
Special treatment of certain types of bone cancer
Osteosarcoma — chemotherapy, is used before and after the operations are often able to cure the osteosarcoma and prevents the amputation;
Kaposi Sarcoma — Yuinga de Ewing is very sensitive to chemotherapy, treatment often involves several weeks of chemotherapy, followed by radiation therapy or surgical removal of the tumour, and then a few more months of chemotherapy;
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Fibrosarcoma — these diseases, as a general rule, require surgery to remove the cancerous tumor and 2-3 see the healthy tissue, those around him.
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