Lung Cancer Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments

Lung Cancer - This dossier offers specific and detailed information about lung cancer and its treatments, as well as some recommendations to relieve the side effects and the disease process in general.

Definition Of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the stem cells are lung tissue and can disseminate through blood vessels or lymph nodes.

Causes Of Lung Cancer

We know the precise causes of lung cancer, but the research shows that some people with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop lung cancer. In any case, tobacco is the most important trigger, so that 90-95% of cases occur in smokers.

Symptoms Lung Cancer

Lung cancer in early stages does not produce symptoms. When it increases, some of the most significant symptoms are chest pain, coughing up blood, frequent lung infections, among others. Before its appearance you should consult your doctor.

Diagnosis Lung Cancer

In general, they often used different tests to diagnose cancer and to determine the degree of spread to other organs. Not all tests are carried out to all the people.

Treatments For Lung Cancer

Treatment options depend on the type of lung cancer, his Stadium and the specific health situation of each person. The treatment includes various therapies (such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biological therapy) that can be applied one by one or in combination with each other.

Side Effects Of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer and its treatment can cause various side effects. Its appearance depends on many factors, such as the type of surgery, the dose, duration and type of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, as well as of the individual characteristics of each person.

Many of these disorders are temporary and can be controlled with ease and there are others who have to try to be more specific. Throughout the period of treatment is routine inspections to prevent them and treat them. In the event that it appears any alteration, please contact your team always care.

Recommendations To Prevent Side Effects

In order to prevent or alleviate the side effects you can follow some general recommendations, which you will find after the explanation of each type of treatment.

However, before the onset of side effects it is necessary to consult with the health care team.

The daily life

This is a process that every person arises with according to your priorities and experiences. It is a moment to think about how to continue developing the everyday life, establishing the appropriate balance, not to feel overload and that the disease is the center of life.

What Is Multiple Myeloma Cancer

What Is Multiple Myeloma Cancer - Myeloma, also known as multiple myeloma, is a type of cancer of the bone marrow that is caused by a malignant degeneration of the plasma cells. Normal plasma cells are the part of the immune, system responsible for dealing with infections and diseases of external origin. Plasma cells are commonly found in the bone marrow, mixed with other cells of the immune system and the production of blood cells.

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The immune system is composed of several types of cells; We're going to focus on the main, lymphatic cell or cell. There are two main types of lymphocytes: T lymphocytes and b lymphocytes. When there is an infection, B lymphocytes respond, become plasma cells or plasma cells and produce antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) that help the body fight infections. T lymphocytes respond with several transformations that allow them to directly attack infectious agents or other cell types help defend the body.

In myeloma, the abnormal plasma cells produce only one type of antibody (or immunoglobulin) called paraproteins and also prevent the formation of antibodies by the other normal plasma cells, which are destroyed. Thus, the patient is more prone to infections. The extent of these evidence provides information for diagnosis and control of myeloma.

In multiple myeloma, plasma cells DNA is damaged by several mutations and this causes these cells to become cancerous. To grow out of control, these cells can produce a large tumor, usually in the bone, called plasmacytoma, which will be isolated (or solo) if there is only one. However, unlike most cancers, myeloma in most cases does not appear in the form of tumor, but that myeloma cells are divided and extend within the bone marrow, as a liquid, does so without producing solid masses.

Myeloma affects multiple sites of the body (hence the name of multiple myeloma), where bone marrow is usually active in adults: within the spine, skull, pelvis, ribs, and bones that are part of the shoulders and hips.

Areas not usually affected are the distal, or farthest extremities: hands, feet, and the lower regions of the arms and legs. This is very important since these areas function is usually preserved completely.

When there is a high presence of the same antibody, or paraprotein, one speaks of monoclonal gammopathy. Some people develop a myeloma after having been diagnosed with a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (GMSI or MGUS, for its acronym in English - monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), but it is not always the case. The high concentration of the same monoclonal antibody takes place also in other diseases, such as light chain Amyloidosis and Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia.

There are 4 new cases of myeloma per 100,000 inhabitants per year.
It represents approximately 1% of all neoplasms (cancers), and 10% of all hematologic neoplasms (cancers of the blood).
It is one of the five hematological malignancies more frequent, along with Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the large cell B lymphoma and follicular lymphoma.
In Spain there are about 12,000 diagnosed cases of multiple myeloma, and 2,000 new cases each year are estimated.

What Is Cancer

What Is Cancer - Cancer is the name given to a set of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body's cells begin to divide without stopping and spread to the surrounding tissues.

What Is Cancer

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The cancer can start almost anywhere in the body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Normally, human cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When age or normal cells are damaged, they die, and new cells to replace them.

However, this orderly process goes awry in cancer. As cells become more and more abnormal, old or damaged cells survive when they should die, and new cells form when they are not needed. These extra cells can divide without interruption and may form masses called tumors.

Many cancers are solid tumors, which are masses of tissue. Blood cancers, such as leukemias, do not form solid tumors in general.

Cancerous tumors are malignant, which means that they can spread to nearby tissues or they can invade them. In addition, these tumors grow, some cancer cells can break off and move to distant locations in the body via the circulatory system or lymphatic system and form new tumors away from the original tumor.

Unlike malignant tumors, benign tumors do not extend to nearby tissues and do not invade them. However, sometimes benign tumors can be quite large. To be removed, usually they do not grow, while malignant tumors do sometimes grow back. Unlike the majority of benign tumors in other parts of the body, benign brain tumors can endanger life.

Differences between cancer cells and normal cells

Cancer cells differ from normal cells in ways that allow them to grow out of control and become invasive. An important difference is that cancer cells are less specialized than normal cells. This means that, while normal cells mature in different cell types with specific functions, cancer cells do not. This is one reason why, unlike normal cells, cancer cells continue dividing without stopping.

In addition, cancer cells can ignore the signals that normally tell cells to stop dividing or to begin a process that is known as programmed cell death, or apoptosis, which uses the body to get rid of the cells that are not necessary.

Cancer cells may be able to influence the normal cells, molecules and in the blood vessels that surround and feed the cells of a tumor - an area that is known as the microenvironment. For example, cancer cells can induce normal cells close to forming blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients, necessary for tumors to grow. These vessels also withdrawn products disposed of tumors.

Cancer cells are often also able to evade the immune system, a network of organs, tissues and specialized cells that protects the body against infections and other diseases. Although ordinarily the immune system eliminates body damaged or abnormal cells, some cancer cells are able to "hide" from the immune system.

Tumors may also use the immune system to stay alive and grow. For example, with the help of some cells of the immune system that normally prevents an uncontrolled immune response, cancer cells can in fact make that the immune system does not destroy the cancer cells.

What Causes Cancer

Cancer is a genetic disease caused by changes in the genes that control the way how our cells, especially the way as grow and divide.

The genetic changes that cause cancer can be inherited from parents. They can also happen in the life of a person as a result of errors that occur when dividing cells or by the DNA damage caused by some exhibitions of the environment. Environmental exposures that cause cancer are substances, such as chemicals in tobacco smoke and radiation, such as ultraviolet rays of the Sun. (Our causes and risk factors of cancer page has more information).

Cancer each person has a unique combination of genetic changes. As the cancer continues to grow, additional changes occur. Even within each tumor, different cells have different genetic changes.

In general, cancer cells have more genetic changes, mutations in DNA as normal cells. Some of these changes may not be related to cancer; they can be the result of cancer and not its cause.
"Cause" cancer

The genetic changes that contribute to cancer tend to affect three main types of genes - proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair genes. These changes "cause" cancer is sometimes called.

Proto-oncogenes are dedicated to the growth and normal cell division. However, when these genes are altered in certain ways or are more active than normal, they can become genes that cause cancer (u oncogenes), allowing the cells to grow and survive when they shouldn't.

The tumor suppressor genes are also dedicated to control growth and cell division. Cells with some alterations in the tumor suppressor genes can be divided in a way out of control.

DNA repair genes are dedicated to fix damaged DNA. Cells with mutations in these genes tend to form additional mutations in other genes. Together, these mutations can cause cells to become cancerous.

As scientists have learned more about the molecular changes that result in cancer, certain mutations have been found together in many types of cancer. Because of this, cancers are sometimes characterized as the types of genetic alterations that it believes are causing, not only by the site in the body where are formed and the way how the cancer cells look under a microscope.
When the cancer spreads

Cancer that has spread from where it started first to other parts of the body is called metastatic cancer. The process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body is called metastasis.

Metastatic cancer has the same name and the same type of cancer cells than the original or primary cancer. For example, cancer of the breast, or mama, which spreads to the lungs and forms a metastatic tumor is called metastatic breast cancer and non-cancer of the lung.

Looking at them under a microscope, metastatic cancer cells generally have the same appearance as the original cancer cells. In addition, metastatic cancer cells and the original cancer cells have usually some molecular characteristics in common, as the presence of specific changes in chromosome.

Treatment can help prolong the lives of some people with metastatic cancer. Although, in general, the main objective of the treatments for metastatic cancer is controlling the growth of the cancer or relieving the symptoms it causes. Metastatic tumors can cause serious damage to the functioning of the body, and the majority of people who die from cancer die from metastatic disease.

Non-cancerous changes in the tissues

Not all changes in the tissues of the body is cancerous. However, some changes can become cancerous if they are not treated. These are some examples of changes in tissues that are not cancerous, but in some cases, need to be monitored.

Hyperplasia occurs when tissue cells divide faster than normal and the additional cells accumulate or proliferate. However, the cells and the form is organized tissue are normal under a microscope. Hyperplasia can be caused by several factors or situations, even by chronic irritation.

Dysplasia is more severe than hyperplasia. Dysplasia there is also an accumulation of additional cells. But the cells are abnormal and there are changes in the way as the tissue is organized. In general, as more abnormal cells and tissue, are the bigger the possibility of the formation of cancer.

Some types of dysplasia may need to they monitor or to be treated. An example of dysplasia is an abnormal mole (called Dysplastic Nevus) which is formed in the skin. A Dysplastic Nevus can become melanoma, although most do not.

A more serious state is an in situ carcinoma. Although sometimes called cancer, carcinoma in situ is not cancer because abnormal cells do not extend beyond the original tissue. I.e., they do not invade the surrounding tissue as cancer cells do. But, since some carcinoma in situ become cancer, usually they are treated.

Types of cancer

There are more than 100 types of cancer. Cancers are, in general, of the organs or tissues where cancers are formed. For example, lung cancer begins in the cells of the lung and brain cancer begins in the cells of the brain. Cancers can also be described according to the type of cell that forms, such as epithelial cell or squamous cell.

Searchable on the web site of the National Cancer Institute information on specific types of cancer based on the location in the body or when using our list of cancers from A to Z. We also have information grouped on childhood cancers, cancers in adolescents and young adults, and cancers in women.

These are some categories of cancers that start in specific types of cells

Carcinoma

Carcinomas are the most common types of cancer. Formed in epithelial cells, which are cells that cover the internal and external surfaces of the body. There are many types of epithelial cells, which frequently have a way as column when seen under a microscope.

Carcinomas that start at different types of epithelial cells have specific names:

Adenocarcinoma is a cancer that forms in the epithelial cells that produce mucus or fluid. Tissues with this type of epithelial cells called glandular tissues sometimes. The majority of breast, colon and prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas.

Basal cell carcinoma is a cancer that begins in the lower or basal (at the base) layer of the epidermis, which is the outer layer of the skin of a person.

Squamous cell carcinoma is a cancer that forms in squamous cells, which are epithelial cells which are below the outer surface of the skin. Squamous cells are also many other organs, such as the stomach, intestines, lungs, bladder and kidneys. Squamous cells are flat, like fish scales, when seen under a microscope.

Transitional cell carcinoma is a cancer that forms in a type of epithelial tissue called epithelium of transition or Urothelium. This tissue, which consists of many layers of epithelial cells that can become big or small, is located in the lining of the bladder, ureters and part of the kidney (renal pelvis), and some other bodies. Some bladder, ureters and kidney cancers are transitional cell carcinomas.

Sarcoma

Sarcomas are cancers that are formed in the bone and soft tissues, indeed adipose (fatty) tissue, muscles, blood vessels, lymph vessels and fibrous tissue (such as tendons and ligaments).

Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer. The most common soft tissue sarcoma types are Leiomyosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, liposarcoma and the dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans.

Leukemia

Cancers that begin in the tissues that make up the blood in the bone marrow are leukemia. These cancers do not form solid tumors. Instead, a large number of white-blood cells, abnormal (Leukemic cells and Leukemic blast cells) accumulate in the blood and bone marrow and travel to the normal cells of the blood. The low concentration of normal blood cells can do that the body carry oxygen to the tissues, that is not controlling the bleeding or difficulty that no combat infections.

There are four common types of leukemia, which are grouped according to the speed with which worsens the disease (acute or chronic) and the type of blood cell where it starts (lymphoblastic or myelogenous) cancer.

Our leukemia page has more information.

Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a cancer that begins in the lymphocytes (T-cells or B-cells). These are white blood cells that fight disease and which are part of the immune system. In Lymphoma, abnormal cells accumulate in lymph nodes and lymph vessels, as well as other organs in the body.

There are two main types of lymphoma:

Hodgkin's lymphoma - people who have this disease have atypical lymphocytes which are called Reed-Sternberg cells. These cells are formed, in general, cell B.

Lymphoma non-Hodgkin - East is a large group of cancers that begin in cells. Cancers can grow quickly or slowly and they can form of B-cells or t-cells.

Our page on cancers of the blood (or blood) has more information.

Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a cancer that begins in plasma cells, another type of immune cells. The abnormal plasma cells called myeloma cells, accumulate in the bone marrow and form tumors in the bones of the body. Multiple myeloma is also called plasma cell myeloma and Morbus Kahler.

Our multiple myeloma and other plasma cell Neoplasms page has more information.

Melanoma

Melanoma is a cancer that begins in the cells that become melanocytes, which are specialized cells in producing melanin (the pigment that gives color to the skin). The majority of melanomas are formed on the skin, but can also form in other pigmented tissues, as in the eyes.

Brain and spinal cord tumors

There are different types of tumors of the brain and spinal cord. These tumors are called according to the cell type in where it formed and where the tumor was first formed in the central nervous system. For example, an astrocytic tumor begins in the cells of the brain that are star-shaped, and which are called astrocytes, which helps maintain healthy nerve cells. Brain tumors can be benign (not cancerous), or malignant (cancerous).

Other types of tumors

Germ cell tumors

Germ cell tumors are a type of tumors that begin in the cells that form the sperm or eggs. These tumors can occur almost anywhere in the body and may be benign or malignant.

Our page on germ cell tumors has more information.

Neuroendocrine tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors are formed from cells that secrete hormones into the blood in response to a signal from the nervous system. These tumors, which can produce hormones in larger than normal amounts, can cause many different symptoms. Neuroendocrine tumors can be benign or malignant.

Carcinoid tumors

Carcinoid tumors are a type of neuroendocrine tumors. They are tumors of slow growth that are usually found in the gastrointestinal tract (more frequently in the rectum and in the small intestine). Carcinoid tumors may spread to the liver or other sites in the body, and may secrete substances such as serotonin or prostaglandins cause Carcinoid syndrome.

What Causes Cancer

What Causes Cancer - Cancers are a broad group of diseases and therefore have a wide range of causes. Each cancer is different according to their biology and pathophysiology. All the animals and even plants are susceptible to cancers.

Cancer at the molecular level

The body is made up of trillions of living cells. These cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. This process is regulated and controlled tight through the machinery of the DNA within the cell. In an infant or a child the normal cells divide rapidly to allow increased. Once the person make an adult, most of the cells divide to only replace worn or deaths cells or repair damage.

When the cells of the body in a given site begin to grow out of control, they may be cacerigenas. The increase in the cancer cell is different from normal cell growth. Instead of death, cancer cells continue to grow and form new abnormal cells. In addition, these cells can also invade other tissues. This is a property that normal cells do not possess.

The cancerous cells originate from normal cells when their DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or the original projects within the cell nucleus is damaged. DNA is in every cell and directs the actions of all the cell, increasing, death, Etc. of the protein synthesis when DNA is damaged in a normal cell to cell or repairing damage or dying cell.

Normally, the safeguards of the body against cancer via numerous methods, for example: apoptosis or a process by which abnormal cells die on their own accord, molecules of the Assistant (some DNA polymerases), possibly senescence or aging, etc.

In cancer cells, damaged DNA is not repaired, and the cell does not die. Instead it leads to more such abnormal cells with abnormal DNA. These new cells all have the same faulty original cancer cell DNA.

DNA damage can be inherited from parents or can be a spontaneous problem that occurs during the course of a person's life. This is called a mutation. DNA damage can also be triggered by exposure to certain environmental toxins such as present in cigarette smoke. However, there are multiple factors that can cause cancer and is difficult to fix the tip an exact cause.

Factors of cancer

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the common risk factors for cancer include:

Tobacco use
Use of Alcohol
Excess weight and obesity
Dietary factors, including the low fruit and vegetable intake
Physical inactivity
Infections Chronicles of the helicobacter pylori, of the virus of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and some types of human papillomavirus (HPV) virus
Environmental and risk professional including inionizante and ionizing radiation

Agents that can cause cancer include:

Chemical carcinogens

Several chemicals and environmental toxins are responsible for changes in normal cellular DNA. Substances that cause DNA mutations are called mutagens, and mutagens that cause cancers are known as carcinogens.

Certain substances have been connected to the specific types of cancer. Tobacco use is associated with many forms of cancer, and causes 90% of lung cancer. Similarly, prolonged exposure to asbestos fibers is associated with mesothelioma.

Tobacco is also related to other cancers such as lung, larynx, load, neck, stomach, diaphragm, kidney, esophagus and pancreas as it contains other carcinogens known, including nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Ionizing radiation

Radiation due to radon gas and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun can lead to melanoma and other skin malignancies. Radiation therapy given to a type of cancer can also cause other types of cancer. For example, those who receive radiation therapy of the breast for lymphomas may develop later breast cancer.

Bacterial and viral infections

Some cancers may be caused by infections with pathogens. Notable among these include cancers of the liver due to infections of Hepatitic B and C; cancer of the cervix due to infections with the virus of human papillomavirus (HPV); Epstein Barr virus that causes Lymphoma Burkitt and gastric cancer or stomach due to Helicobacter pylori infection.

Cancer genetic or inherited

Common examples are inherited breast cancer and genes in ovarian cancer including syndrome of BRCA1 and 2. Li-Fraumeni include defects in the p53 gene that leads to bone cancers, cancers of the breast, soft tissue sarcomas, those Etc. with Down syndrome brain cancers are known to develop malignancies such as leukemia and testicular cancer.

Hormonal changes

Notable among these is changes in the levels of the female hormone estrogen. Excess estrogen is uterine cancer.

Dysfunction of the immune system

Immunity Empeorada including the HIV infection leads to several cancers including lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin and HPV-associated malignancies such as anal cancer and cervical cancer.

Prostate Cancer Symptoms, Causes & Treatments

Prostate Cancer Symptoms, Causes & Treatments - Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that sits in the prostate. It affects men over the age of 45-50 years, even though each time it detects in younger people. Except in rare cases, prostate cancer is evolving slowly and is not as lethal as other types of cancer. Cancer cells are usually settled in the peripheral part of the prostate, very different from the place where grows the benign prostate Hyperplasia (BPH), a benign disease of the prostate, most central and close to the urethra. In patients, usually elderly, who have not been diagnosed at an early stage of prostat cancer, can be diagnosed when already present metastasis.

Prostate Cancer Causes

As in the case of BPH, we know the causes although prostat cancer is associated with age (over 45-50 years) and hormonal factors not yet ben determined

How To Diagnose Prostat Cancer

The current key for diagnosis are the rectal and the PSA (specific antigen), a value that can be obtained in a simple blood test. When the PSA is elevated above 10 ng/ml increases dramatically the possibility of CP. prostate biopsy allows to obtain small pieces of prostate for microscopic observation and is objectively to diagnose. The biopsy allows more, to see the degree of aggressiveness of the tumor cells (scale of Gleason). Other tests such as ultrasound, the TAC, the MRI and the MRI are only necessary in special cases.

What Is The Prognosis

Like all cancers, the prognosis depends on the precocity in the diagnosis. The later, larger, more likely to spread beyond the prostate and worse prognosis. The prostat cancer of small size, with PSA and Gleason bass tend to have high rates of healing and survival. The prostat cancer of thick size (playable in rectal), PSA and Gleason senior are worse prognosis. The prostat cancer with metastasis are the worst prognosis, while survival can be quite long. The prognosis in elderly patients is subject to their concomitant diseases and his general State of health, and may be wise in many cases no treatment since the prostat cancer in advanced ages can move very slowly and does not mean a danger for the patient.

The Treatment For Prostat Cancer

If the cancer is confined to the prostate treatment is surgical with a procedure called radical prostatectomy (RP), which can be done via open, laparoscopy or robotic surgery. Robotics is the one that gets the best functional results for the patient (conservation of sexual power and control of urine). Radiotherapy is a treatment comparable in effectiveness to surgery, although with different tracking techniques and connotations to that. Cryotherapy and radiotherapy-interstitial are appropriate for selected cases of illness very localized. When the disease has spread outside of the prostate can be he evades their question with PR or radiotherapy decreases dramatically so, as a rule, are not given these treatments and it is necessary to resort to other alternatives such as the hormonal treatment. When the disease progresses after radical treatment or the disease is already advanced at the time of diagnosis (ganglia or metastasis) hormonal treatment applies, complete form (castration). In special cases are given special schemes of hormonotherapy and/or chemotherapy.

How To Prevent Prostat Cancer

There is no clear evidence that prostat cancer can be prevented though there are some essays that are pointing towards the use of drugs such as 5alfa-reductase inhibitors. A healthy diet, including components such as selenium and vitamin E may help prevent prostate disease, although not conclusive data exists on this topic. A good approach to prevention is early diagnosis, i.e. find the disease when it is still very small and curable. This is achieved in accordance with annual controls with the urologist from the age of 40 years (only men) with rectal and determination of PSA (blood test). The PSA is a very sensitive marker for the presence of prostat cancer even in very early stages.

Different Types Of Cancer

Different Types Of Cancer - Under the name of cancer we can differentiate more than a hundred diseases with different etiology, prognosis and treatment, but with the common feature of their growth is not controlled by human biological mechanisms. The main categories and types of cancer are as follows:

Different Types Of Cancer

Carcinoma: cancer begins in the skin or in tissues that surround the internal organs.
Sarcoma: cancer starts in the bones, the cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective tissues or support.
Leukemia: this type of cancer starts in the trainer of blood cells, such as the bone marrow, where they generate abnormal cells that enter the blood.
Lymphoma and myeloma: this type of cancer begins in the cells of the immune system (defenses).
Central nervous system: the cancer begins in the tissues of the brain and the spinal cord.

Skin Cancer Treatment Options

Skin Cancer Treatment Options -  The early detection of skin cancer allows frequently treat in its initial stages, when still does not present the power of penetration beyond the skin. In these cases, your diagnosis is facilitated through the use of the digital epiluminiscència and it is possible to treat them with a non-surgical approach (without surgery). The cellular basocel carcinomas and scaly surface can be removed completely by means of a non-surgical procedure called Photodynamic therapy.

Skin Cancer Treatment Options

This consists of the application of a specific cream on the injury to try and penetrate only to malignant cells. These malignant cells treated, whether they are illuminated with the light of the lamp of photodynamic therapy, can be eliminated completely respecting healthy cells of the skin. Photodynamic therapy is a new generation tool that allows you to destroy malignant cells of a superficial tumor without the surrounding skin suffers and without the need for the patient to undergo a surgical procedure that can be stressful and that generates a scar in the treated area.

Photodynamic therapy is a technique that is done on an outpatient basis (without payment) at the dermatological clinic facilities: the procedure involves the application of a topical drug that is left on for 3 hours, and the subsequent illumination of the lesion with a medical lamp for a few minutes. Usually two sessions are needed to heal the skin tumor treated.

In DermAndTek we have with the Aktilite device (Galderma), a pioneer in the world of photodynamic therapy and with solid studies that support your therapeutic success and high safety profile.

Prostate Cancer Symptoms / Signs & Treatment

Prostate Cancer Symptoms Treatment Signs - The prostate is a gland that is located below the bladder in men and produces the fluid for semen. Prostate cancer is common in elderly men. This type of cancer is rare in men under 40 years old. Risk factors of developing it include: being over 65 years old, family history and being African American.

Prostate cancer symptoms can include

Urination problems, like pain, difficulty starting or stopping the flow of urine or drip
Pain in the lower back
Ejaculation pain

To diagnose prostate cancer, your doctor could do a rectal examination to look for any bulk or anything out of the ordinary. The doctor may also ask you do a blood test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA). These analyses are also performed in prostate cancer screening tests, which attempt to detect cancer before you have symptoms. If the results are abnormal, you may need other tests such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging or biopsy.

Prostate Cancer Treatment 

Treatment of prostate cancer tends to depend on the stage of the cancer. This is determined by knowing how fast the cancer is growing and how different is the tissue around the gland. Men with prostate cancer have several treatment options. The best for one person may not be the best for another. These options may include only a careful observation and medical surveillance without treatment, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy. It can also be a combination of these.

How To Cure Cancer Naturally - Natural Cures For Cancer

How To Cure Cancer Naturally - Natural Cures For Cancer - The tumor continues to grow and it can explode at times. Early detection is not easy because the patient does not feel the inconvenience at first and ultimately, when it detects so advanced that it becomes incurable and it is difficult to save the patient. It is a deadly disease that when the patient comes to know who developed the cancer is afraid of death. If detected at an early stage, it is possible to save the patient.

These symptoms can lead to the early detection of cancer

Ulcers that do not heal quickly, especially in the mouth. Any break in the skin that does not heal even in six months, but still continues to grow. Excessive abnormal bleeding, especially in the case of women after the period. Bleeding when passing stool. The overgrowth of tumors and bumps on any part of the body, especially in women. Difficulty swallowing food and continuous indigestion. Continuous cough, throat hoarse voice continuously.

Malfunction of the intestines, constipation and loose motions. Pain or skin discoloration, wart or keloid. The unexpected loss aversion weight and strength and food. If you have any of the symptoms listed above and you have any questions about cancer, consult your doctor.

Natural remedies for the treatment of cancer

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Take the following foods on a regular basis and keeping a healthy lifestyle.

Natural home remedy for cancer through the cauliflower: take 3/4 cup cauliflower juice a day in the morning on an empty stomach. Will be beneficial for cancer.

Herbal cancer home remedy with: bring at least 1/2 cup of cabbage juice every day first thing in the morning on an empty stomach. Cancer is curable in its early stages.

Home remedies for cancer

Effective home remedy for cancer through carrot: carrot juice is a good anti-toxico. Even you can cure most diseases incurable. Take two glasses of carrot juice, one before breakfast in the morning and another at night. 12 ounces of carrot juice mixed with 4 oz of spinach juice is especially beneficial in cancer.

Cancer diet tips

Food: is demonstrated by ongoing investigations in beta-carotene chemical present in foods can destroy the cancer cells. Found in abundance in all legumes, cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, lemon and fruit of the species mausambi. You should eat these fruits and vegetables in abundance to patients with cancer. Fried foods cause cancer. Fried foods contains carcinogenic substances that cause cancer. Therefore, the fried foods should not be consumed.

Simple home remedy for cancer with grapes

Cancer patient should fast for three days. Grapes then must have food. Should also be enema times. It should not take more than 2 kg. grapes in one day. After a few days give drinking butter milk. Don't take anything to eat. Is a slow process and it takes a few months to take up the slack. The poultice of grapes can be applied on wounds. Grape juice sometimes causes stomach pain or itch in the year. But there is no reason to fear. The pain disappears after a few days. Promotion will be beneficial at the time of pain.

Traditional wheat natural home remedy

The cancer is only a condition of the body indicates that there is something wrong with this wonderful machine. Nature always tries to maintain a balance in the human body. Since people have different styles of life, suffer from different diseases. There was a woman who was suffering from br**st cancer. I had tried all kinds of treatment, but in vain. But when it came to the diet of different kinds of fruit juices, will heal in a few months. Wheat grass is an effective anti-toxin. Its can cure cancer and many other diseases. Its juice is known as green blood. It said that up to 40% of their properties are similar to human blood.

Bone Cancer Symptoms / Sign , Prognosis & Treatments

Bone Cancer Symptoms / Sign , Prognosis & Treatments - Bone cancer is a relatively rare disease, where in the bone to grow cancer cells. Cancer occurs when the cells of the body (in this case, the cells of the bone) share without control and order. If the cells continue to divide uncontrollably, When new cells are not needed, an accumulation, called a tumor. The term "cancer" refers to a malignant tumor, cells that can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. A benign tumor does not spread to other organs.

Bone Cancer Symptoms / Sign , Prognosis & Treatments

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Cancer can occur in bone or spread to the bone with another body when the same cancer appears in the OS, it is called primary bone cancer. When cancer cells travel in the bone tissue of other tumours, it is called secondary or metastatic bone cancer. Types of bone cancer include:

Osteosarcoma — malignant tumor of bone, as a general rule, hands, legs or pelvis; the most common type of primary cancer;
Chondrosarcoma — cancer of the cartilage; the second most common type of primary cancer;
Yuinga Sarcoma — tumor that usually develop in the bones of the arms and legs;
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Fibrosarcoma — cancer, which develops in soft tissue (tendon, ligament, muscle, FAT) and goes to the bones of the leg, hands and jaw;
Giant cell tumor of bone tumor — primary, Which is the malignant (cancer) only about 10% of the time, more prevalent in the bones of the hands or feet;
Differentiate — primary tumor of bone, which normally occurs in the skull or spine.

The sooner treatment begins bone cancer, the more favorable outcome. If you suspect that you have the disease, call your doctor.

Causes of bone cancer

The main causes of bone cancer are unknown. It is considered, In most cases an important role rider. Disease, which cause enhanced dissolution of bone tissue and its regeneration over a long period of time increases the risk of tumors. This explains, why osteosarcoma in children are more frequently in the period of their growth.
Risk factors for bone cancer

Factors that increase the risk of bone cancer

Paget's disease (benign bone diseases);
Irradiation;
Damage to the bone (While not confirmed by risk factor);
A family history of bone cancer.

Besides, there are risk factors, specific to certain types of bone cancer

Osteosarcoma:
Age: 10-30 years;
Paul: male;
Hereditary cancer syndromes, including if syndromes-Fraument (LFS) and Rotmunda-Thomson;
Retinoblastoma (a rare form of eye cancer);
Bone marrow transplantation;
Chondrosarcoma:
Age: over 20 years;
Multiple Exostoses (hereditary disease, which leads to the appearance of lumps in the bones);
Sarcoma Yuinga:
Age: younger 30 years;
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Fibrosarcoma:
Age: Middle and old age;
Tumor giant cells:
Age: young and middle-aged.

Symptoms of bone cancer

Bone cancer symptoms may vary, depending on the location and size of the tumor.

The symptoms may include:

Pain at the site of the tumor;
Edema or swelling in the area of the location of the tumor;
Pain in the bones, rather serious, to wake you up;
Fractures of bones (rare);
Unexplained weight loss;
Fatigue;
Shortness of breath;
Night sweats, fever or night.

These symptoms can be caused by other, less serious diseases. If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a doctor.

Diagnosis of bone cancer

The doctor will ask about your medical history and symptoms, as well as performing the physical examination.

The tests may include the following:

Blood test, check the level of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase; the largest quantity of this enzyme is secreted in patients with tumors of bone during growth in healthy children;
X-rays — test, who uses x-ray radiation, to take a picture of structures within the body, particularly the bones;
Densitometry — test, which helps to determine the location of bone tumors. The radioactive substance is injected into the bloodstream, which is absorbed by the bone tissue, and then tracking using a special scanner;
CT — types of x-rays, using a computer, to make pictures of structures inside the body;
MRI — survey, which uses magnetic waves to make pictures of structures inside the body;
Bone marrow biopsy — remove the sample, bone tissue to test the presence of cancer cells. Excisional biopsy of tumors of the bone may mean deleting large portions of the affected bone or limb, and sometimes a partial or total amputation of a limb, depending on the location and type of tumors.

As soon as the cancer, analysis, to determine the scope of networks. The treatment depends on the type of stage, location of cancer and general health.

Bone cancer treatment include

Radiation treatment for cancer of the bones

Bone cancer radiotherapy uses radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiotherapy can be of the following types:

External radiotherapy — radiation to tumor radiation sources outside the body;
Internal radiotherapy — radioactive materials are placed in the body near cancer cells.

Chemotherapy for bone cancer

Chemotherapy — the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy drugs can be provided in various forms: tablets, injection, Introduction through a catheter. The drugs enter the bloodstream and are carried out by the entire body, killing the cancer, as well as some healthy cells. The most common chemotherapy drugs, used to treat bone cancer are :

1. Methotrexate with calcium;
2. Leucovorin;
3. Doxorubicin;
4. Cisplatin;
5. Ifosfamide
6. Etoposide.

Surgery for the treatment of bone cancer

The operation involves the removal of a cancer, the surrounding tissues, and possibly nearby lymph nodes. When the operation might require the amputation of limbs, patients with cancer. Possible, the doctor will try to remove part of the bone without amputation cancerous. In this case, the Remote OS cancerous replace metal plates or bone graft.

Sometimes, additional radiotherapy or chemotherapy can help avoid amputation. If the tumor is large or aggressive, or the risk of spread is high, after surgery can be assigned to the chemotherapy and radiation therapy, to prevent the recurrence of bone cancer in the surgical site, and prevent the spread of the cancer to other organs.

Mieloablatius therapy with stem cells

Intensive chemotherapy also destroys the bone bone cancer. To restore the bone marrow cells used injections of stem cells, which have the ability to develop into other kinds of cells.
Special treatment of certain types of bone cancer

Osteosarcoma — chemotherapy, is used before and after the operations are often able to cure the osteosarcoma and prevents the amputation;
Kaposi Sarcoma — Yuinga de Ewing is very sensitive to chemotherapy, treatment often involves several weeks of chemotherapy, followed by radiation therapy or surgical removal of the tumour, and then a few more months of chemotherapy;
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Fibrosarcoma — these diseases, as a general rule, require surgery to remove the cancerous tumor and 2-3 see the healthy tissue, those around him.

Prevention of bone cancer

There are no guidelines for the prevention of primary bone cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment increase the chances of successful recovery.

What Is Mesothelioma Cancer ? The Symptoms & Survival Rate

What Is Mesothelioma Cancer ? The Symptoms & Survival Rate Malignant mesothelioma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells in the pleura (the thin layer of tissue that lines the chest cavity and covers the lungs) are found or the peritoneum (the thin layer of tissue that lines the abdomen and covers most of the organs in the abdomen).

Exposure to asbestos can affect risk of malignant mesothelioma.

Image By http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Tumor_Mesothelioma2_legend.jpg

Anything that increases the risk of contracting a disease is called a risk factor. Have a risk factor does not mean that you will have cancer, not having risk factors doesn't mean that you won't get cancer. Talk to your doctor if you think you may be at risk.

Most people with malignant mesothelioma have worked or lived in places where they inhaled or swallowed asbestos. After exposure to asbestos, you usually spend much time until a malignant mesothelioma is formed. Living together with a person who works near asbestos also is a risk factor for malignant mesothelioma.
The signs and symptoms of malignant mesothelioma include difficulty breathing and pain under the rib cage.

Sometimes the cancer makes accumulating fluid in the chest or abdomen. The signs and symptoms can be produced from liquid, a malignant mesothelioma or other conditions. Check with your doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms:

Shortness of breath.
Cough.
Pain under the rib cage.
Abdominal pain or swelling of the same.
Nodules in the abdomen.
Constipation.
Problems with blood clots (blood clots that form when they must not do it).
Loss of weight without known reason.
Feeling very tired.

To detect (find) and diagnose malignant mesothelioma, tests are used to examine the inside of the chest and abdomen.

In some cases, it is difficult to differentiate malignant mesothelioma in the chest and lung cancer.

The following tests and procedures may be used to diagnose a malignant mesothelioma in the chest or the peritoneum:

Physical exam and history: examination of the body to check general signs of health, including the control of signs of disease, such as masses or anything that seems abnormal. Also take the history of the health habits of the patient, exposure to asbestos, and diseases and previous treatments.
Chest x-ray: x-ray of the organs and bones inside the chest. Lightning X is a type of beam of energy that can pass through the body and shape in a film which shows a picture of the inside of the body. Expand
Chest x-ray; the drawing shows the patient standing with your back to the X-ray machine. X-rays are used to take pictures of the organs and bones of the chest. The x-rays pass through the patient and are reflected in a film.
The chest x-ray. X-rays are used to take pictures of the organs and bones of the chest. The x-rays pass through the body and are reflected in a film.
Scan CT (CT scan): procedure whereby a series of detailed pictures of the chest and abdomen is taken from different angles. The images are created by a computer connected to an x-ray machine. Inject a dye into a vein or swallowed to organs or tissues stand out more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computed tomography or CT scan.
Biopsy: removal of cells or tissues of the pleura or the peritoneum performed by a pathologist to observe them under the microscope and determine if there are signs of cancer.

The procedures used to collect cells or tissues are as follows:
Lung (AAF) fine-needle aspiration biopsy: removal of tissue or fluid using a thin needle. A procedure of images is used to locate abnormal lung tissue or fluid. You can make a small incision in the skin where the needle biopsy to abnormal tissue or fluid, is introduced and a sample is taken. Expand

Thoracoscopy: procedure for which an incision (cut) is made between two ribs and a thoracoscope (a thin instrument tube with a light and a lens for viewing) is inserted into the chest.
Thoracotomy: incision (cut) which is made between two ribs to examine the inside of the chest to determine if there are signs of disease.
Peritoneoscopia: procedure for which an incision (cut) is made in the abdominal wall and a peritoneoscopio (a thin instrument tube, with a light and a lens for viewing) is inserted in the abdomen.
Laparotomy: procedure for which an incision (cut) in the wall of the abdomen is done to check the presence of signs of disease on the inside of the abdomen.
Open biopsy: procedure for which a skin incision (cut) is made to expose and remove tissues in order to examine them and determine if there are signs of disease.

The following tests may be performed on samples of cells and tissues taken:
Cytological examination: examination of cells under a microscope to determine if anything is abnormal. In the case of mesothelioma, removed fluid from the chest or abdomen. A pathologist reviews these liquids for signs of cancer.
Immunohistochemistry: test to which antibodies are used in search of certain antigens in a tissue sample. Antibody is usually linked to a radioactive substance or a dye that makes that tissue illuminates under a microscope. This type of test can be used to tell the difference between different types of cancer.
Electron microscopy: laboratory test in which there are cells of a sample of tissue under the microscope of high power in order to see changes in the cells. An electron microscope shows better than other types of microscopes tiny details.

Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following:

The stage of the cancer.
The size of the tumor.
If the tumor can be removed completely by surgery.
The amount of fluid in the chest or abdomen.
The age of the patient.
The degree of activity of the patient.
The general State of health of the patient, including the health of the lungs and the heart.
The cell type of mesothelioma and its appearance under a microscope.
The number of white blood cells and the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
If the patient is male or female.
If the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred (come back).

Lung Cancer Symptoms, Treatment & Stages

Lung Cancer Symptoms, Treatment & Stages -  lung cancer is a disease that are malignant (cancer) cells in the tissues of the lung.

The lungs are a pair of respiratory organs with cone located in the chest. The lungs incorporate oxygen into the body when inhaled and eliminate carbon dioxide, a product of waste from the cells of the body, when you exhale. Each lung has sections called lobes. The left lung has two lobes. The right lung, which is slightly larger, has three lobes. Two tubes called bronchi communicate the trachea with the right and left lungs. Sometimes the bronchi are also affected by lung cancer. The inside of the lungs is composed of a few tiny air sacs called alveoli and small tubes called Bronchioles.

The pleura, a thin membrane, covers the outer surface of each lung, and  inside of the chest cavity. This creates a bag which is called pleural cavity. Typically, the pleural cavity contains a small amount of fluid that helps the movement of the lungs within the chest when breathing.

There are two main types of lung cancer: small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.

The types of non-small cell lung cancer.

Each type of non-small cell lung cancer has different kinds of cancer cells. The cancer cells of each type grow and spread in different ways. The types of non-small cell lung cancer are called according to the kinds of cells that are found in the cancer and the appearance of cells under a microscope:

Squamous cell carcinoma: cancer that begins in squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells that resemble fish scales. Also called epidermoid carcinoma.
Large cell carcinoma: cancer that may result in various types of large cells.
Adenocarcinoma: cancer that begins in the cells that line the alveoli and produce substances such as mucus.

Other less common types of non-small cell lung cancer are Pleomorphic carcinoid tumor, carcinoma of the salivary gland and unclassified carcinoma.
Smoking increases the risk of non-small cell lung cancer.

Smoking cigarettes, pipes or cigars is the most common cause of lung cancer. The earlier a person begins to smoke, how much more often smoke and how many more years a person smokes the greater is the risk of lung cancer. If a person stops smoking, the risk decreases with age.

Anything that increases the likelihood of developing a disease is called a risk factor. Have a risk factor does not mean that it will have that disease; do not have risk factors does not mean that you will not have that disease. Consult your doctor if you think you are at risk.

The risk factors for lung cancer include the following:

Smoking cigarettes, pipes or cigars, at present or in the past.
Be passive exposure to tobacco smoke.
Having a family history of lung cancer.
Treatment of radiation therapy to the breast or chest.
Exposure to asbestos, chromium, nickel, arsenic, soot or tar in the workplace.
Exposure to radon in the home or workplace.
Live where the air is contaminated.
Be infected with the human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus.
Use supplements of beta carotene and being a heavy smoker.

When smoking is combined with other risk factors, increases the risk of lung cancer.
The signs of cell lung cancer not small include shortness of breath, persistent cough.

Sometimes, lung cancer does not cause any signs or symptoms. It can be found in a chest x-ray performed by another condition. Lung cancer or other conditions can cause signs or symptoms.

Check with your doctor if you experience any of the following:

Discomfort or pain in the chest.
A cough that doesn't go away or worsen over time.
Shortness of breath.
Respiratory wheezing.
Blood in the sputum (mucus that is expelled from the lungs).
Hoarseness.
Loss of appetite.
Loss of weight for unknown reason.
Very tired.
Difficulty swallowing.
Swelling of the face or neck veins.

To detect (find), diagnose, and stage non-small cell lung cancer, tests are used to examine the lungs.

In general, tests to detect, diagnose and stage non-small cell lung cancer are conducted at the same time.

Some of the following tests and procedures may be used:

Physical exam and history: examination of the body to check general signs of health, as the control of signs of disease, such as masses or anything else that doesn't look normal. Also the background of the patient's health habits, are recorded even if you smoke, earlier works, diseases and treatments.
Laboratory tests: medical procedures that analyzed samples of tissue, blood, urine or other substances from the body. These tests help to diagnose diseases, plan and monitor treatment, or monitoring the evolution of the disease.
Chest x-ray: lightning X of the organs and bones inside the chest. An x-ray is a type of beam of energy that can go through the body and translated into a film, which creates images of the inside of the body.

Scan CT (CT scan): procedure whereby a series of detailed pictures of the inside of the body, such as for example the thorax, is taken from different angles. The images are created by a computer connected to an x-ray machine. Inject a dye into a vein or swallowed to organs or tissues stand out more clearly. This procedure is also called computed tomography, computed tomography or CT scan.
Sputum cytology: procedure during which a pathologist noted a sample of sputum (mucus expelled while coughing) under a microscope to check for cancer cells.
Lung (AAF) fine-needle aspiration biopsy: removal of tissue or fluid from the lung, using a fine needle. To locate the tissue or abnormal fluid in the lung, is a CT scan, ultrasound, or another procedure with images. You should be a small cut in the skin where biopsy needle is inserted into the tissue or abnormal fluid. A sample is removed and sent to the laboratory. A pathologist noted the sample under a microscope to check for cancer cells. A chest x-ray is then performed to make sure there is no leakage of air from the lung into the chest.

Bronchoscopy: procedure used to observe the inside of the trachea and the large lung Airways and determine if there are any abnormal areas. It introduces a bronchoscope through the nose or mouth into the trachea and lungs. A bronchoscope is a thin instrument tube with a light and a lens for viewing. You can also have a tool to remove tissue samples and observe them under a microscope to check for signs of cancer.

Thoracoscopy: surgical procedure to see if there are abnormal areas in the internal organs of the chest. An incision (cut) between two ribs is made and is inserted a thoracoscope into the chest. A thoracoscope is a thin instrument tube with a light and a lens for viewing. You can also have a tool to remove tissue or lymph node sampling and observe them under a microscope to check for signs of cancer. In some cases, this procedure can be used to remove part of the esophagus or the lung. If you can be reached to certain tissues or organs, can be a Thoracotomy. In this procedure, becomes a larger cut between the ribs and chest is opened.
Thoracentesis: extraction of the liquid which is located in the space between the lining of the chest and the lung through a needle. A pathologist examines the fluid under a microscope to detect cancer cells.
Optical and electronic microscopy: laboratory test in which there are cells of a sample of tissue with common microscopes and high power to verify if there are certain changes in the cells.
Immunohistochemistry: testing that used antibodies to identify certain antigens in a tissue sample. Usually the antibody is attached to a radioactive substance or a dye that makes that illuminates tissue under a microscope. This type of study is used to determine the difference between different types of cancer...

Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following aspects:

The stage of the cancer (the size of the tumor and if it affects the lung only or has spread to other parts of the body).
The type of lung cancer.
If cancer mutations (changes) in certain genes, like the gene Lymphoma kinase (EGFR) or epidermal growth factor receptor gene anaplastic (ALK).
If there are signs or symptoms, such as coughing or difficulty breathing.
The general State of health of the patient.

Current treatments do not cure cancer in the majority of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

If lung cancer is detected, the participation should be considered in one of the numerous clinical trials that are performed to improve the treatment. Clinical trials are performed in most of the country for patients in any of the stages of non-small cell lung cancer. For more information about ongoing clinical trials, see the NCI Web site

The History Of Cancer Treatment & Research

History Of Cancer Treatment & Research - The study of cancer is Oncology. Cancers have been known to mankind since ancient times. Cancer begins when cells in one part of the body begin to grow out of control. Several different parts of the body can be affected by cancer.

History Of Cancer Treatment & Research

Some of the earliest evidence of cancer are fossilized tumors of the bone in human mummies in  Egypt, and references the same have been found in ancient manuscripts. The bony destruction skull as seen in the load and the cancer has been found.

Although the word cancer was not used, the oldest description of the disease is of Egypt and dates back about 3000 B.C. The Edwin Smith Papyrus and a copy of the part of an ancient Egyptian textbook on trauma surgery. Describes 8 cases of tumors or ulcers of the breast that were treated by Cauterization with a tool called the fire drill. The description says that there is no treatment for the condition.

Origin of the word "Cancer"

The disease was first called cancer doctor Greek Hippocrates (460-370 BC). It is considered the "father of the remedy." Hippocrates used the carcinos and carcinoma of the terms to describe tumors of formation and ulcera-formacion of the dyspepsia. In Greek it means an angle of drift. The description was names after the angle of drift because finger - like projections extending from a cancer called to import dimension a variable of an angle of drift.

The Roman rear, Celsus (28-50 BC) physician translated the Greek term into cancer, the Latin word for angle of drift. Galen (130-200 ad), was another Roman physician, who used the term (Greek for swelling) oncos to describe tumours. Oncos is the root word for the Oncology or study of cancers.
Between the 15th and the 18th centuries

At the beginning of the 15th century scientists developed the greater understanding of the workings of the human body and disease processes.

Autopsies, made by Harvey (1628), led to an understanding of the circulation of the blood through the heart and the body.

John Morgagni of Padua in 1761 regularized autopsies to find the cause of disease. This rested the seat for the study of cancer also.

It was the Scotsman John Hunter of the surgeon (1728-1793) who suggested that some cancers may be cured by surgery. It was almost a century later that the development of anesthesia prompted regular surgery for "moving" cancer that had not spread to other organs.
The 19th century

Rudolf Virchow, often called the founder of Cellular Pathology, founded the basis for the pathological study of cancers under the microscope. Virchow correlated pathology microscopic disease.

He also developed the study of tissues that were taken after surgery. The pathologist could also inform the surgeon if the operation had completely removed the cancer.

History of the causes of cancer

There have been numerous theories of the causes of cancer in ages. For example, the ancient Egyptians blamed gods by cancers.

Hippocrates believed that the body had 4 body fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. He suggested that an imbalance of these humors with an excess of black bile in various sites of the body could cause cancer. This was the humoral theory.

After the humoral theory came the theory of lymph. Stahl and Hoffman theorized that cancer was composed of fermentation and lymph of degeneration, varying in density, acidity and alkalinity. John Hunter, Scottish surgeon from the 1700s, States agree that tumors grow constant releases of blood lymph.

Zacutus Lusitani (1575-1642) and Nicholas Tulp (1593-1674), doctors in the Netherlands, concluded that the cancer was contagious. In the 17th and the 18th centuries, some believed that cancer was contagious.

Was it 1838 the German pathologist John Muller showed that cancer is composed of cells rather than lymph. Muller proposed for cancer cells to become elements of flowering (blastema) between normal tissues.

Rudolph Virchow (1821-1902), suggested that all cells, including cancer cells, are derived from other cells. He proposed the chronic irritation theory. He believed that cancer to spread like a liquid. In the 1860s, the surgeon German, Karl Thiersch, showed that cancers metastasize with spread of malignant cells and not through a liquid.

History of research and detection of cancer

Research for early detection cancer aid. The first to be widely used for cancer screening test was the examination of smears. It was developed by George Papanicolaou as a method of research in the understanding of the menstrual cycle. He then noted that the test could help find cervical cancer early and presented its conclusion in 1923.

It was then that the American Cancer Society (ACS) ascended the test during the early 1960s and became widely used as a screening tool.

Modern methods of mammography were later developed in the 1960s and first recommended officially for breast cancer research by the ACS in 1976.
Revealed the cancer surgery

It was very early in the history of knowledge of cancers that the surgery was considered a modality of the treatment of cancers. The Roman Celsus doctor had noted that despite surgery cancer seems to become. Galen wrote about techniques of surgery for cancers. The surgery was then very primitive with many complications, including low blood. Surgery for cancers prospered in the 19th and early 20 centuries after the advancement of anesthesia.

Bilroth in Germany, Handley in London, and Halsted in Baltimore are the pioneers of the cancer surgery. Guillermo Stewart Halsted, Professor of surgery at Johns Hopkins University, developed the radical mastectomy during the last decade of the 19th century for breast cancers. His work was based on W. Sampson Handley.

Stephen Paget, English surgeon during this time found that cancers spread via blood circulation. This understanding of metastasis became a key element in the recognition of patients who could and could not benefit from cancer surgery.

X-ray radiotherapy

In 1896 a German Professor of physics, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, discovered and presented the properties of X rays. It was within the next few months that X rays were used for diagnosis and in the next 3 years it was used in the treatment of cancers. Radiotherapy began with radio and diagnostic machines with relatively low voltage.

Development of chemotherapy

It was seen that during World War II, soldados soldiers exposed to mustard gas during the Suppression of developed toxic marrow of military action. Soon a nitrogen mustard chemical similar was found to work against a cancer of the lymph nodes called lymphoma. This seat rested for several new drugs that could be used against cancers.

Development of hormone therapy

In the 19th century, Thomas Beatson discovered that the breasts of rabbits stopped producing milk after that he removed the ovaries. He tried the removal of the ovaries (called oophorectomy) in advanced breast cancer. This was discovered before the hormone itself was discovered. His work provided a seat for the modern use of the hormone therapy, such as tamoxifen and the aromatase inhibitors, to treat or prevent breast cancer.

Development of immunotherapy

With the understanding of the biology of cancer cells, several biological agents have been developed in the treatment of cancers. These are called biologic therapy of the modifier (BRM) reaction. Notable among these is the monoclonal antibodies.

The first antibody monoclonal, rituximab (Rituxan) and trastuzumab (Herceptin) therapeutic were approved during the late 1990s to treat lymphoma and breast cancer respectively. Scientists are also studying vaccines that strengthen the immune response of the body to the cancer cells.
The rear part of the 20th century also saw the development of therapies targeted as inhibitors of factor of increase as trastuzumab (Herceptin), gefitinib (Iressa), imatinib (Gleevec) and cetuximab (Erbitux). Another targeted approach is drugs anti of the formation of the glass of the ngiogenesis or the anti-blood as bevacizumab (Avastin).

Childhood Cancer Awareness, Symptoms & Facts

Childhood Cancer Awareness Symptoms & Facts - Each and every cells of our body are strictly controlled in what refers to the growth, the interaction with other cells, and even the life cycle. Cancer occurs when a cell type has lost these normal mechanisms of control and grows in a way that the body cannot control.

The different types of cancer have signs, symptoms, treatments and different forecasts, depending on the type of affected cells and the degree of uncontrolled cell growth.

About Childhood Cancer

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All types of cancer, including which occur in childhood, have a common pathological process: cancer cells grow in an uncontrolled manner, acquire abnormal sizes and morphologies, ignore its usual limits on the inside of the body, they destroy cells nearby, and at the end, they end up spreading to other organs and tissues (which is known as metastasis).

As the cancer cells grow, increasingly consume more nutrients from the body. Cancer consumes the energy of the child who suffers it, destroys organs or bones and weakens the defenses of the organism against other diseases.

In the U.S., the only cancer affects 14 of every 100,000 children each year. Considering all the age groups, the most common childhood cancers are leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer. After ten years, there is a higher incidence of osteosarcoma (bone cancer).

Each type of cancer affects different parts of the body, and their treatments and cure rates are also different.

In general, the factors that trigger cancer in children not often coincide with that trigger cancer in adults, such as smoking and exposure to environmental toxins. Rarely, children suffering from certain diseases of genetic origin, such as down syndrome, have an increased risk of developing cancer. In addition, children who have undergone chemotherapy or radiation therapy as a result of a previous cancer also have an increased risk of developing another cancer in the future.

Anyway, in most cases, children's cancers not inherited are developed as a result of mutations (or changes) in the genes of some cells that are still in the process of growth. Since these errors occur randomly and unpredictably, there is no effective way to prevent them.

It is possible that a pediatrician detect some of the early symptoms of cancer in the periodic medical review of a patient. Anyway, some of these symptoms (such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, frequent infections, anemia or bruising) are also typical of infections to other conditions that are much more common than cancer. For this reason, it is logical that both pediatricians and parents suspect other diseases of childhood, when the first symptoms of cancer.

Once diagnosed the cancer, it is important that parents seek help for your child in a Medical Center specializing in Pediatric Oncology (treatment of childhood cancer).

Cervical Cancer / Cancer Cervix Symptoms & Treatments

Cervical Cancer Symptoms & Treatments - The cervix or cervcal is the lower part of the uterus, is the place where the baby grows during pregnancy. Cervical cancer is caused by a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). This virus is spread by s*xu*l contact. Most of the women body is able to fight HPV infection. But sometimes, the virus leads to cancer. Women who are at greatest risk are those who smoke, which many children have had, which have used birth control pills for a long time or have an HIV infection.

Image By http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Figure_28_02_08.JPG

It is possible that in the beginning, the cervical cancer does not cause symptoms, but later there may be pain in the pelv*c or v*gin*l bleeding. It usually take several years for the normal cells of the cervix to become cancer cells. The doctor may find abnormal cells by Pap smear or Pap smear (Pap) to examine the cells of the cervix. Also, you can ask that an HPV test is conducted. If the results are abnormal, you will need a biopsy or other tests. Get tests regularly, it will allow your doctor find and treat any problem before it becomes cancer.

Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these. The treatment will depend on the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread, or if you would like to become pregnant later.

Vaccines can protect against various types of HPV, including some that cause cancer.

Br*ast Cancer Treatments and Symptoms

Br*ast Cancer Treatments and Symptoms - With the exception of skin cancer, br**st cancer is diagnosed more frequently among  women around the world. Get a mammogram on a regular basis can reduce the risk of dying by br**st cancer. If you have between 50 and 74 years of age, be sure to make you a mammogram every two years. If you are between 40 and 49 years of age, consult your doctor upon when and how often you should have a mammogram.

What are the symptoms?

 

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There are different symptoms of br**st cancer, and some people have no symptoms. Some symptoms of br**st cancer are any changes in the size or shape of the br**st, pain in any part of the br**st, ni**le discharge that is not milk (including blood) and the appearance of a lump in the br**st or under the arm. If you have any symptoms or worrying sign, consult your doctor immediately.

What can I do to reduce the risk?

Among the major factors that influence your risk of having br**st cancer are being female, having older (the majority of br**st cancers detected in women age 50 or older) and have changes in certain genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) br**st cancer. Most women who have br**st cancer have unknown risk factors and no history of the disease in their families. There are things that you can do can to help reduce your risk of br**st cancer.

Brief data on br**st cancer

Annually in the United States, more than 200,000 women get br**st cancer and more than 40,000 women die of this disease.
Men can also get br**st cancer, but it is not very common. Annually in the United States, nearly 2,000 men get br**st cancer, and about 400 men die of this disease.
Most of the cases of br**st cancer are diagnosed in women 50 years of age and over, but br**st cancer also affects younger women. Around 11% of new cases of br**st cancer in the United States are in women under 45 years of age.
Studies indicate that women with disabilities are less likely to have been made a mammogram in the past two years, compared with women without disabilities.
Black women have the highest rate of deaths by cancer of br**st of all racial and ethnic groups, and are 40% more likely to die of the disease than white women.

Asbestos Lung Cancer - How Does Asbestos Cause Cancer

Asbestos Lung Cancer - How Does Asbestos Cause Cancer - The worst degree of diseases caused by the inhalation of asbestos are cancers, which can be of the lung, pleura and peritoneum.

Lung Cancer

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Lung cancer is a malignant tumor that invades and clogs up the steps of air by the lungs. Lung and abdominal cancers are diseases caused by the asbestos in the long term. The symptoms are not immediate, but it manifested many years after exposure began. The majority of people who have developed asbestos-related diseases were exposed to high concentrations of asbestos particles directly to the job site. Some others, the less developed the disease from exposure to clothes and equipment that the employees were wearing at home after finishing the work day. Smoking seriously increases the risk of developing lung cancer in workers exposed to asbestos, especially if you smoke more than a pack daily.

Lung cancer caused by asbestos. The clinical signs and symptoms caused by cancer for asbestos does not differ from other lung cancers caused by exposure to smoking cigarettes, arsenic, nickel, chromium, clorometilics ethers or ionizing radiation.

It should be added that exposure to asbestos can develop lung cancers, without having had before asbestosi.

The most common symptoms of lung cancers is coughing, asthmatic breathing, unexplained weight loss, coughs up blood, chest pains, persistent hoarseness, and anemia.

There are people who develop these symptoms although this fact does not have lung cancer. In these cases, you should consult your doctor.

Mesoteliomes

The mesoteliomes are rare cancers that affect the lining of the lungs (pleura) or the abdominal contents (peritoneum). The majority of mesoteliomes are caused by exposure to asbestos. However, the National Cancer Institute of the United States, ensures that a 30 per cent of mesoteliomes are by unknown causes. Smoking does not produce mesoteliomes. Generally, the mesoteliomes will develop between 30 and 40 years after the initial exposure, and that exposure is high. Very short exposure periods may be more than sufficient to cause mesothelioma. When you declare are usually very local invaders. The mesoteliomes is usually accompanied by pleural outpouring, Dyspnea and chest pain. The most common symptoms are cough, weight loss and fever.

Patients diagnosed with mesothelioma have less chance of survival than with other forms of diseases caused by asbestos. Until recently too, patients diagnosed with mesothelioma have a survival around 12 months. Now, in some cases, they have managed to survive more than two years and two and a half years.

It would not be until the year 1960 it published the first proven association between inhalation of asbestos and mesothelioma. Although more than 60 per cent of cases of mesothelioma are due to occupational exposure to asbestos, we know that the environmental and domestic exhibition is able to induce the appearance of mesoteliomes. On the other hand, we know that these environmental and domestic exhibitions are always low-dose, which means that there is a level of security for the exposure to asbestos.

Although all sorts of asbestos can cause mesoteliomes, some studies have suggested that the anfíboles are much more conducive to the streamer. What's more, some researchers claim that the majority of mesoteliomes are due to exposure to the anfíboles. The most common mesoteliomes are due to exposure to the crocidolita. The amosita also cause mesoteliomes, while crisotil is the variant that less mesoteliomes has caused. However, a 1996 study concluded that chrysotile asbestos is the main cause of pleural mesothelioma lawyers .

The mesoteliomes invariably become fatal. The majority of patients diagnosed with mesothelioma die between one and two years and accounted for after the diagnosis. The chemo and radiation therapies do not give good results. Neither surgery care these tumors. However, treatments are aimed at controlling pain and respiratory difficulties in order to preserve the highest quality of life possible.

Brain Cancer Symptoms - Metastatic Brain Cancer

Brain Cancer Symptoms - A brain cancer is a growth of abnormal cells in the tissue of the brain. Brain Cancer can be benign (without cancer cells) or malignant (with cancer cells that grow very fast). Some are primary,  they begin in the brain. Others are metastatic, or which begin in other parts of the body and reach the brain. Cancer in the brain may show various symptoms. These are some of the most common:

Brain Cancer Symptoms

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Headaches, usually in the morning
Nausea and vomiting
Changes in the ability to speak, listen or watch
Balance or walking problems
Problems with thinking or memory
Weakness or feel eager to sleep
Changes in mood or behavior
Seizures

Doctors diagnose these cancers through a neurological examination and other tests such as imaging, MRI, CT scan or a biopsy. The treatment includes watchful waiting (surveillance without giving any treatment until symptoms develop or change), surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and targeted therapy (treatment that used drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells). The majority of the people, receives a combination of them.